Book Marks: AI Marches On, Reading Habits

Last week was bad for authors as two federal judges ruled in favour of tech companies in copyright lawsuits arguing against the companies' methods in training their AI models. While Meta and Anthropic may seem to have won, the judges' decisions do not give them the leeway to do what they want with their AI systems.

In the case of Meta, the judge's ruling was because the authors made the wrong arguments. While Anthropic was found to have not violated US copyright law by using books to train its AI, it was at fault for using pirated books in building the data set. The court rulings stop short of giving tech companies free rein to feed their AI models with copyrighted material, but Aron Solomon at Literary Hub feels it might not be enough.

A group of authors has released an open letter calling on major publishers to restrict the use of AI. The document "asks them to refrain from publishing books written using AI tools built on copyrighted content without authors' consent or compensation, to refrain from replacing publishing house employees wholly or partially with AI tools, and to only hire human audiobook narrators — among other requests," NPR reports.

The letter's core argument seems to be that AI steals from human writers to "write". "These stories were stolen from us and used to train machines that, if short-sighted capitalistic greed wins, could soon be generating the books that fill our bookstores," the letter goes, before asking, "Is this the end goal—to fully remove us from the equation so that those at the very top of the capitalist structure can profit even further off our labor than they already do?"

An intern at the Detroit Free Press lays out her concerns regarding the growing use of AI in writing. "When I eventually publish a book, there is a high chance that some form of AI will steal it. This leaves me with two options: unwillingly become a part of a system that I despise, or never follow my long time-publishing dreams. Ten-year-old me would be devastated if robots got the chance to be bestsellers before she did."

The rulings may have made it more urgent to address the potential for AI to supplant humans in writing and publishing, and what would the future pool of literature look like if machine-generated output becomes the standard? And with AI being more efficient in trendspotting, marketing, targeted advertising and such – so much so that publishers and publishing platforms are employing it to that end – what guardrails need to be in place to ensure it doesn't make people redundant?


Okay, what else?

• Last week, Malaysian Home Ministry officials raided a Fixi bookstore and took copies of Jelik and Jelik:2. ABC dives deeper into the factors behind such raids and highlights the challenges of writing and publishing in this climate. Why these titles were being scrutinised isn't clear, but both seem to be psychological thrillers so maybe they're too disturbing for public consumption? Or did the officials not notice the "For Mature Readers" labels Fixi places on the covers of some of its titles? Or could it be– ooohhh.
• "Today, the nature of reading has shifted. Plenty of people still enjoy traditional books and periodicals, and there are even readers for whom the networked age has enabled a kind of hyper-literacy; for them, a smartphone is a library in their pocket. For others, however, the old-fashioned, ideal sort of reading—intense, extended, beginning-to-end encounters with carefully crafted texts—has become almost anachronistic." Joshua Rothman in The New Yorker asks, "what's happening to reading" in the age of AI.
• "In the past, in Ethiopia—as in many other countries—plays were often published in book form either before or after being staged. A quick look into the subject reveals that many such plays were indeed published." In the Ethiopia Observer, a writer laments the lost art of publishing plays.
• Would you pepper your books with marginalia? Medieval authors had no problems with that, and today, "a growing community of BookTokkers and Bookstagrammers are ... posting images of books embellished with pastel highlighting and marginal drawings of flowers and kittens, wantonly smeared with lipstick kisses, or neatly stuffed with colour-coded tabs" as a form of engagement with authors and their works. Lebih daripada menconteng buku sahaja, okay?
• "I joke that our publishing house's PR department consists of the head of Roskomnadzor, the justice minister, and the prosecutor general — they've done more to promote our books than we ever could." This quote from Georgy Urushadze, founder of publisher Freedom Letters, has a familiar tone. Freedom Letters is among a small clutch of publishers publishing Russian literature abroad, a practice called tamizdat. Authoritairan regimes doing more than publishers in promoting books is an all-too-familiar theme by now, I feel. All these works need to do is win prizes.
• Book prizes can be prestige-granting, not to mention lucrative, but as a source of income for authors, it's unreliable – and out of reach for most. However, for those who do win awards in Australia, the prize is taxable. Punters who pick winning authors – a real thing Down Under, apparently – their winnings are not taxed. With writers earning peanuts and Australia giving away "extraordinary amounts of gas and offers massive subsidies in the form of fuel tax credits", editor, publisher, researcher and teacher Alice Grundy argues that it's time for tax-free prize money for authors.
• "All across the book industry, people watched as the staff at various other media companies and magazines unionized, analogous creative industries that had similarly treated employees like they should feel lucky just to be there. Creative types were not so different from the baristas and warehouse workers in their desire to be treated fairly." Read an excerpt from Maris Kreizman's I Want to Burn This Place Down, an apt title for an anthem for wrung-out peons in publishing if I ever heard one.
• "The Book Society, hosted initially by the bestselling novelist and screenwriter Hugh Walpole, who put together the first selection committee and remained energetically involved until his death in 1941, provided something unheard of in the UK at the time: a book subscription service in partnership with publishers that any member of the public – should they be able to stump up the cost each month – could join." Did these early book influencers invent the book club?
• "The truth is that ideas come from everything you consume – culture, conversations, observations, awkward dinners, humiliating accidents, fabulous parties. It’s perhaps no surprise then that writers, who typically consume a lot of books, are inspired to write about them." E.C. Nevin talks about their book, A Novel Murder, and dives into why we read and write books about books.
• I'm not sure whether this op-ed is satire – or if it's not, where this "non-woke" writer has been to. Right-wing publishing has always been around. If avenues for right-wing authors are shrinking at the moment, could it be because few want to be on the wrong side of history? The return of the tRump administration and the resurgence of the right in the west has galvanised right-wing movements all over, and many authors of that persuasion are cashing in. Missed a boat? No worries, the next one is on the way.
• 8th Note Press, the publishing arm owned by TikTok parent company ByteDance that was founded to capitalise on the BookTok boom, is shutting down. Was this a case of a corporation failing to catch an obvious tsunami-class wave, or are there other factors?

Book Marks: Books And Libraries Under Pressure

War in the Middle East has ramped up with Iran and Israel trading fire. One casualty of the crises in the region is the book and publishing industry, but it has been floundering for a long while before the recent conflagrations. Though more titles are being published in Iran of late, sales are dismal. This website cites several factors limiting the reach of books in the country, particularly poverty and censorship.

Conflict has also changed things in Yemen, which has seen the novel emerge as the dominant literary form...

Instead of poetry—which had long been Yemen's preeminent art form—the novel emerged as a suitable vehicle for confronting the social and psychological ruptures caused by war. This transformation was aided by the rise of digital platforms, which offered broader opportunities for self-publishing and connecting with new readers, as well as by individual initiatives and small cultural institutions striving to support Yemeni narrative despite scarce resources.

The Yemeni outlook is slightly rosier, but with all that's going on, any news coming out has to be taken with a pinch of salt. Is publishing really in dire straits as reported in these places? Nevertheless, one wishes the best for writers, publishers, and readers in the Middle East.

In Nepal, some seem to have cultivated the reading habit during the pandemic, and e-books are becoming popular among the youth. But this hasn't translated to growing sales. A publisher cites "political instability, the 2015 earthquake, the Indian blockade, tax on imported books, the COVID-19 pandemic, economic hardship, increasing foreign migration and frustration among the people" for Nepal's weak book market.

Things are no less challenging in the US as the tRump administration continues to wreak havoc. Much has been reported on the impact its regressive policies have had on the economy, healthcare, and the arts. Clare Mulroy of USA Today spells out some of the changes wrought, particularly book tours put on ICE, grant cuts affecting libraries and public reading spaces, and the book bans and sidelining of minority authors.

The National Endowment for the Arts, a federal agency that funds and supports creative endeavours in the country, has announced a slew of cuts in its programmes, affecting many that depend on its funding to stay afloat. In The Orange Country Register several publishers that have been affected speak on the issue and what their plans are moving forward.


Meanwhile...

• "What's queer about food? Over the past decade, momentum has gathered around this conversation. By nature, the intersection resists fixed rules and embraces abstraction, but the benefits of asking seem clear: As two new books demonstrate, food can reveal a richness of queer culture, expression, possibility and survival." A brief piece in The New York Times introduced two books about queer restaurants. One is reminded of the hilarious short story "What Do Gay People Eat?" by Brian Gomez. With these books, that question may be answered.
• "'[Your first manga project is] meant to be a learning experience ... In five years, you'll look back on that project and say, "Oh god." Not because you won’t be proud of the work, but because you're constantly getting better. The first one is about learning the process rather than being perfect. It's about finishing something and using that experience to develop.'" The folks at Creative Bloq put together a Q&A of sorts about how to publish your manga with the help from experts they spoke to.
• Malaysian bookworms might have heard of Rabak-Lit but perhaps few know that it's not just a publisher any more. The Seremban-based indie outfit now organises mini concerts, hosts gigs, and produces T-shirts and shoes, among other things. The Star is covering a recent Rabak-Lit venture: a revival of the Fung Keong shoe brand that was discontinued in 1990.
• "Bookstores were once staples in Malaysian malls. ...Families would stop by after lunch, students lingered between shelves, and casual shoppers often left with unexpected new reads. This quiet, thoughtful space is vanishing. Why?" Good question and points from a Malaysiakini reader. "It may seem like a small thing, but we can't help but wonder if the absence of a book[s]tore says something deeper about us. Not just about shifting retail trends, but about the society we are becoming."
• "I wrote the book out of frustration because of what's been happening to these children – they aren't just nameless faces to me, they are children that I know. I also wanted a happy story for foundlings, where they get to have a family of their own and the same opportunities as everybody else." Hartini Zainudin, co-founder of Yayasan Chow Kit, talks about her children's book The Foundling and her goals for it.
• "I had often wondered what it must have been like for authors to have the Toni Morrison as their editor," writes Dana A. Williams in Slate. "When the writer John A. McCluskey Jr. first met Morrison in 1971, she had published only The Bluest Eye. McCluskey, not yet 30 years old, saw her not as the Pulitzer Prize–winning Nobel laureate she would become, but as a fellow Ohio writer looking to make her mark as an editor." I'm not an editor any more, but I still like to read about other editors – and imagine what it would be like.
• "Authors today are still advised to stay in their lane. You wrote a successful thriller? Great. Write another one. You want to write ‘con amore?’ Fine – pen a love letter. For obvious financial reasons, plenty of authors are happy to stick with what works. But there are others who jump genres simply because, like [A.A.] Milne, they want to." From this list of titles, writers venturing beyond their pond are dipping their toes into cosy mystery, which appears a soft, welcoming genre.
• "While doubles are largely defined as having a similar if not identical resemblance to another, doppelgängers have a more a supernatural or otherworldly quality and serve as a manifestation of a character's deepest fears." Naomi Klein's Doppelganger and novels such as Yellowface and Julie Chan Is Dead may be part of a literary trend of exploring the author's or protagonist's doubles and the mirror worlds of the latter. Kirthana Ramisetti dives into the doppelganger phenomenon in Electric Literature.
• "Ghostwriting as a profession is timely, growing and in high demand," writes journalist and editor Erin O'Dwyer in Artshub "But doing it well is an art form of its own." So, having ghostwritten herself, she shares some tips on how to be a ghostwriter. Not too detailed, but a good place to start for those planning to dive in.
• "After losing a friend and turning 50, [Native American author Andrea] Rogers decided to pursue writing full time while earning her doctorate in English at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. When she took the leap, family members worried about money and the stress another degree program would bring. 'I could tell they thought I was a little crazy,' she says, 'but I was like, "If I don't do it now, then when?" because you can't buy time.'" Rogers has since made good use of her time, penning a few children's titles and winning awards for them.
• "Criticism and warnings of Gen-AI authors snagging coveted deals are flooding both Threads and TikTok, with writers and readers sometimes flinging around accusations when they suspect someone is using AI as part of their creative process," writes Alana Yzola in Wired. "Now, [Victoria] Aveyard and other prolific authors are not only calling out people who use AI to write, they’re also posting livestreams and time-lapses of their writing processes to defend themselves against such complaints."
• "America's superpower that it uses over and over again is forgetting or pretending that something didn't happen. And this novel being about guilt and punishment and revenge, hopefully dramatizes that in a way that can leave the reader with the realization that just because you forget about it, doesn't mean it didn't happen." Stephen Graham Jones talks to the Daily Camera in Colorado about his book The Buffalo Hunter Hunter, his writing journey, and his craft.

Finally: "Having studied literature for years, I will always be a defender of the trashy romance genre. These books do what they say on the tin ... They are light-hearted, fast-paced, easy to read, and most importantly, they allow you to flex your reading muscles again." Charlotte Renahan in Cherwell, Oxford's oldest independent student newspaper, touts trashy romance as the saviour of one's urge to read and suggests a few to try.

But I don't notice any historical romance titles in that short list – a sign of trouble for the subgenre? "Over the last five years, readers and authors alike have started to notice a steady decline in publishing deals for historical romance books," R. Nassor writes in Book Riot. "Author of the What To Read If newsletter, Elizabeth Held, recently pointed out on Threads that only seven of the eighty romances acquired by leading publishers in 2024 were historicals."

I wouldn't worry too much though. Trends swing like pendulums, and even if publishers are shying away from historical romances for the time being, all genres have their readers – and writers. It ain't going away.